Biomarkers can help a treatment team determine the best treatment for a patient, see how the patient is responding, and assist in creating a care plan. New tumor markers are being identified with more frequency, so all tumor markers may not yet be reflected on this list.
The following markers may be helpful for those who are diagnosed with bladder cancer:
- Bladder Tumor Antigen (BTA)
- Chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21
- FGFR2 and FGFR3 gene
- Fibrin/fibrinogen
- HER2 gene amplification or overexpression
- Microsatellite instability (MSI) and/or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)
- NTRK gene fusion
- Nuclear matrix protein 22
- Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)